Carbon Capture and Storage - ...

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//-->Carbon Capture and StoragePhysical, Chemical, and BiologicalMethodsSPONSORED BYCarbon Capture and Storage Task Committee of the TechnicalCommittee on Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Engineering ofthe Environmental Council of the Environmental and Water ResourcesInstitute of ASCEEDITED BYRao Y. SurampalliTian C. ZhangR. D. TyagiRavi NaiduB. R. GurjarC. S. P. OjhaSong YanSatinder K. BrarAnushuya RamakrishnanC. M. KaoPublished by the American Society of Civil EngineersLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataCarbon capture and storage : physical, chemical, and biological methods / sponsored by CarbonCapture and Storage Task Committee of the Environmental Council, Environmental and WaterResources Institute (EWRI) of the American Society of Civil Engineers ; edited by Rao Y.Surampalli [and 9 others].pages cmIncludes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 978-0-7844-1367-8 (pbk.) -- ISBN 978-0-7844-7891-2 (e-book PDF)1. Carbon sequestration. 2. Sequestration (Chemistry) I. Surampalli, Rao Y., editor. II.Environmental and Water Resources Institute (U.S.). Carbon Capture and Storage TaskCommittee, sponsoring body.TP156.S5C37 2015628.5'32--dc232014038868Published by American Society of Civil Engineers1801 Alexander Bell DriveReston, Virginia, 20191-4382www.asce.org/bookstore | ascelibrary.orgAny statements expressed in these materials are those of the individual authors and do notnecessarily represent the views of ASCE, which takes no responsibility for any statement madeherein. No reference made in this publication to any specific method, product, process, or serviceconstitutes or implies an endorsement, recommendation, or warranty thereof by ASCE. Thematerials are for general information only and do not represent a standard of ASCE, nor are theyintended as a reference in purchase specifications, contracts, regulations, statutes, or any otherlegal document. ASCE makes no representation or warranty of any kind, whether express orimplied, concerning the accuracy, completeness, suitability, or utility of any information,apparatus, product, or process discussed in this publication, and assumes no liability therefor. Theinformation contained in these materials should not be used without first securing competentadvice with respect to its suitability for any general or specific application. Anyone utilizing suchinformation assumes all liability arising from such use, including but not limited to infringementof any patent or patents.ASCE and American Society of Civil Engineers—Registered in U.S. Patent and TrademarkOffice.Photocopies and permissions.Permission to photocopy or reproduce material from ASCEpublications can be requested by sending an e-mail to permissions@asce.org or by locating a titleErrata:Copyright©2015 by the American Society of Civil Engineers.All Rights Reserved.ISBN 978-0-7844-1367-8 (print)ISBN 978-0-7844-7891-2 (E-book PDF)Manufactured in the United States of America.20 19 18 17 16 151 23 4 5ContentsPreface ....................................................................................................................ixContributing Authors ..............................................................................................xiChapter 1 Introduction.......................................................................1Chapter 2 Carbon Capture and Storage: An Overview2.12.22.32.42.52.62.7Introduction.................................................................................................. 7CCS Technologies ....................................................................................... 8Current Status of CCS Technology ........................................................... 14Barriers to CCS .......................................................................................... 17Major Issues Related to CCS ..................................................................... 21Summary .................................................................................................... 31References .................................................................................................. 31Chapter 3 Carbon Capture and Sequestration:Physical/Chemical Technologies3.13.23.33.43.53.63.73.8Introduction................................................................................................ 37Separation with Solvents ........................................................................... 38Separation with Sorbents ........................................................................... 44Separation with Membranes ...................................................................... 47Separation with Other Technologies.......................................................... 51Carbon Capture Schemes for Different Sources ........................................ 53Conclusions................................................................................................ 59References .................................................................................................. 60Chapter 4 Carbon Capture and Sequestration:Biological Technologies4.14.24.34.44.54.64.74.84.9Introduction................................................................................................ 65Biological Processes for Carbon Capture .................................................. 66Biological Processes for CO2Sequestration .............................................. 76Advanced Biological Processes for CCS ................................................... 87Biotic versus Abiotic CCS ......................................................................... 95Summary .................................................................................................... 96Acknowledgements .................................................................................... 98Abbreviations ............................................................................................. 98References .................................................................................................. 99iiiChapter 5 CO2Sequestration and Leakage5.15.25.35.45.55.65.75.85.9Introduction.............................................................................................. 113Ocean Carbon Sequestration (OCS) ........................................................ 115Geological Carbon Sequestration (GCS) ................................................. 126Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration (TCS) .................................................. 134Leakage, MVA, and LCRM .................................................................... 139Future Trends and Summary.................................................................... 144Acknowledgements .................................................................................. 146Abbreviations ........................................................................................... 147References ................................................................................................ 147Chapter 6 Monitoring, Verification, and Accountingof CO2Stored in Deep Geological Formations6.16.26.36.46.56.66.76.86.9Introduction.............................................................................................. 159Generic Storage Options for Geological Storage of CO2 .....................................160MVA: Background and General Procedures ........................................... 163Key Monitoring Techniques of MVA .....................................................169Two Case Studies..................................................................................... 182Current Issues and Future Research Needs.............................................. 185Conclusions.............................................................................................. 186List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ....................................................... 187References ................................................................................................ 188Chapter 7 Carbon Reuses for a Sustainable Future7.17.27.37.47.57.6Introduction.............................................................................................. 195CO2Reuse as Fuel ................................................................................... 197Carbon Reuse as Plastics ......................................................................... 203CO2Reuse towards Low Carbon Economy ............................................. 207Conclusions.............................................................................................. 211References ................................................................................................ 211Chapter 8 Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologyfor the Coal-Powered Electricity Industry8.18.28.38.48.58.6Introduction.............................................................................................. 217CO2Capture Technologies ...................................................................... 218Principles of Sorption-Based CO2Capture Technologies ....................... 227Major Issues and Future Perspectives...................................................... 231Conclusions.............................................................................................. 233References ................................................................................................ 233iv [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]