Cambridge Professional English in ...

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//-->ContentsTHANKS ANDACKNOWLEDGMENTSINTRODUCTIONTHE LEGAL SYSTEM26LEGAL PROFESSIONALSIaSolicitorsh1C~"Ip'"C""""""6TrannzngCApa,,,,ert n11rivfim,24Legal systemsRTbu\rruirurcuiibrBThecDnirlnlrlonclurs~dlcrfon8lrivBarristers26/,arn.rrr,aSources o f law: legislation10mWorking livesAAi",n,'d,,yiummrrclrl1a,\yrBAlcgllrrrrcrnri28AR.ikgiaundmrnaLingncrrlrrBEarlydrveloplnentofaHlllCPrrrlngmn i tJudgcs12Sources o f law:common lawA<.ommon1.ixintheIIKBLawrcpur,,A Judlaalapp,,nrmcnrr8"Bsherrrln,ng<,i,"dpcrCC:,VI\c,turts~ I ~ C L I CandI ~c ~ uurdc~bL ~~rr30Englandsnd~'.,IcsA law firm's slructure andpractice14finn'ssrn,cruicandpn ro ccA ilaw32The court systemACl"l1L<?um6l:rl,,!lmlc r l l l n rCriminal justice andcriminal proceedingsA<:r,iillnilllrrlccBCrccguncocominrluficncef16aALEGAL PROFESSIONALS IN PRACTICEClient care proccduresipla~nmi: cl~cnrprocedorcsc*relaunder~ngprocedures3436ccriminalcoumpmrceding.Civil procedure(:#v>lProcedureRuler18(DMoneyA&l",l*iIrundc,ins4pruccdurerABPrucccdinp.wrrhaclaimClient correspondence2038TribunalsAThe\tam5andrrngc<>ftribunalsBromposmon niri~hunalr.andprocedurrACircnriorrcrpondrncc6Smndrrdphrasesforinnlnbind cndlnglmcrsandcrnr,lnmExplanations and22clarification40( lEuropean UnioniMembersrrrerilawilimAWhat8 %rhcl:lliBllilwdilcsthcl.ilullprcrProferilanolEnglish"8useLaw3(iLegaleseIlA42Mergers and acquisitionsAMrrger,m dacqurirnonrBDealmg d~rclorurcrcqolrcmcnrs60LegallnngungcBI a r l nrcm1rCOl'lcriu,rr1, ini1modern"'lllrilleniiaAnti-competitive behaviour44ACnmpcr"""'I a uBLolllpcrlrlollInqulr?CL l f o m n o ngr,Lcns,I,rciiicdlcih~,,.liik\,and62LAW IN PRACTICEBusiness organisationsA holerracierBI'rrmcnhlprcllmlredi<,mpinierLIABILITY46Tort1:personal injuryclaim64Formation o f a companyAllliorporarrollB~ \ l c m o r , ~ i d ua,lJ\rnilcaoi, i a r u i i , ~ n o nn~Raising capital byshare saleA>i,"clplr.31I.,BSharevalueCR g g r arrrihulgo,rhrrr,L h h,48A'lor,BCllcilrbriefingnurcr-p u r r u ~ l dmjm!cluunrTort2:clinical negligenceACIlniclln c g l i ~ m rpracriccr66Debt financing:secured lendingAGlrrlrllig iciunr)BThcicr,.ioiicharge50CONTRACTForming a contract1Ah r l cpr,nnplesBF,,imirr"rrofrr u o n i i r68aABCompany directors and52company sccrctaricsQuallhclonnranddonrr0,icl?m,l.>nidirecturForming a contract2Ai,,r,n,,ic",~,r.lc~8Voidorro~drbleor70ot~cnforceshlecimrsa~m72Qurlificrtmon\anddutme*,,i3compm:*ecretnryStructure o f a commercialcontractA5rroirurclotaInsolvency and winding upA Inn~lvencyBl n ~ c ~ l v c ~\rrnnrmi~\nc~rci.mmrrai1c0,irrrcr54Express and ~ m p l i e dtermsAF\,"c'\'"C",Birnplcedr c m s74Alternative disputeresolution56QifExclusion, limitation andAB76standard clausesSxclui~nnn dllm#nniinclauir<iirr,,dardcl:i,>rc\ABCorporation Tax<:,rrp,,rrnonTaxIlrhlls).8"thcU hW<>dcnmhinrtaln\,virI,' ,h'58Privity of contract,discharge, and remediesAl i l l r r ~ !oIL,,ilrr,iLr8DlichnrgeofrilnrrnirCKernedlesforhreachlotco,,irrcrINFORMATION TECHNOLOGY LAWInformation technologylaw and cybercrime94aABIn',,rpor,%rin8rcrn1rStandard terms in thesale and supply o f goodsilriilsirrlldarlirrrmsLicensing agreements andcomputer programsENVIRONMENTAL LAWAEnviron~nentallawlilr"minon.llcnilronmenril1 -1968Nsnonalcnu#ronmenrrllrivA~ ~ c e ~ > crumnrcpraducnand~ *8LxclurlosandIlnilrrroncllllrerChpphcanon ofmcnvnonmm~rnllirvCommercial leasesA1nrrrr\t inyruperr,BTcrrnro f scarmncrclrllcr,cCOhrs~n~nglcarchnldinrere5rAnswer keyIndexaBuying and sellingcommercial propertyIIIALommiraal'<,nicvlnanSBSalebyaucriox~CSalcbypr~riretreat!mEmployment lawAtmp1oymenrlaw8coarrrcrofrmp1oimcnrINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY@Copyright andaic,,,ic,~lhrpatent8ParcnlaATrade marks, domainnames, and remedies forIP infringementT r r hmirkarllrldom.i~nnrmrsBRr~occlle.tixr11'~nfrxngemmrIIntroductionWho is this book for?P s o ~ ~ ; o ~ ~ /inl i i ci.nw1sforawide rangc of pcrlpir w h oneedtouselegalEnglishtngllsh uc,cahularyinrhcir work, for cxamplcaslawyersorlrti~ators,paralegalsorlcgalrcrurrchcrs,legalsccrctaricsurtraincc lawycri. English langaugc lcvrnerr may nccd touselegal Englishtowork w a hf ~ , ~ e ~colleaguesorclientstodescribeorexpinan aspccriofgrrheirownlegal system;tofindourahour orhcr sysrcmi. The hook ii also for srudeno oflaw w h o wlrhtodevelop t h e ~ rknowledgecoflegal tllglilh ~ o ~ a b d acoassist thcir lcgrlrys n ~ d ~ cIt .w ~ l lsalsohelpc a c n d rhc rcrcnhularvofhuilnessprofessionalswhoneed somekn.,wlrdgc of legal English vocabularyfirro,mmcrcisl agreements and rraniacrions.Tlxbook is suitableforlearliers who have rcachcdanuppcrintermcd~rtc rclvanccd level oforEnglish. The bookcanbe used effectively for indlridual m d yorhyateacherinclass,oneio one ormgroups. If youarepreparlngforthe1I.F.C exan!lnternononal Legal EnylishCertificnte!, rl<s book will help yourodevelop your vucabuleryLanguage and lawThe hook almstohelp learners develop rhelr legal lnglish v ~ c a h i ~ l a r lr.ISnotm e n d e dyrobeanintroducriontolaw ia ingllsh speak~ngu r ~ r ~ t rnorstohc relied uponforc~e~nfr,iman<m rdvicc ahout lawo rrile prac6cccuf law.Itpresentsvocabular)inrhccontclrnrofrhclcgal syarcmi in rhcU Kbccausi.the mcanxng ofanylegal reimsmdrhe concepiualrrlarionshlp b c r w c c ~ ~rcrrusis b c a r d with11sspccdic legal syrrem. Tile authorsa s s u mrhvr you will nccdrotalk and ~ i t uhour yonrownlegal systrm. Coniequenriy,samervrk,cencourage youtorhmkahourhow taryourown~ y s r e msharcr rhr same legal conceprsorpn,cedurcs, anda,dcciiic w h c ~ h c rurcalcgalrcrnlin En&shasanequivalenttoao,cuncuptin yourownsysfcmormumpll,yannppmxlrnarion in dlicurrionorw r i t ~ n g(weUn~r171.What kind of legal English is in this book?Thir bookconcenrrvrcronrhe vocabulvr) arrslngfromthcpracticeofcnmmerc~allaw(including company Inw,contractformation, employmenr lam: r.deofgoods, rcal prnpem;and inrellectual property) bur also presentsmoregeneral legal English vocabulary. The legal1r....: ::.......:.IIII .I,il,nII t ...8,,..I...<.I~/I11. I I : > . ~ r I I . . I.I , I ? /.I I, II,,, . . I . ,..,I.II .1 ~ 1. 1 ,8legvl mnccpta in English in authcnriccontcxtr.,.,.,.,,.,2.. ....Howis the book oraanised?The hookconsisrsof45rwo~page.units organiredins,four rhumsncsecnons:T h e legalsystem,L q a l professionals,L q a lprofcssinnals inpractice,and Lawipractice iincludingnI.iabilic/,Contract,Lntcllcmal piopcrty,infoma"ontechnology law, and Enlnronmentallaw). T h r onm pnlceed from general legal roplcsromorespeclhc.mnrcthanoneunit.Thcrc isailanswer keyacrhe backofthebook.Mostofthe excrciacsharcqucrtloniwithonlyonec a r r e nanswer If there ismorethanonepossibleansrvcrtheexerrlietells you.Someofthee ~ e r c > c e s8ncludrng theOvertoyou acriririoa trhrmdofeachunsr!see,below),aredcllgnedfordircurrionendic,rwriting ahnut thc k ~ a jurisdiction you workorlrn,dyI,,.Whcre uppropnutc, wcbbitc addrciseaatthcburrom of the nghr-hand pager give linkstofurtherintormarion in Englishonrelared legal topics.6P,afesnunutEngl8rhmUseLawAlsoartheendofthebuokthere8saoindex uhlch lirrs rlw key words and phrabcr w h ~ hhavebeenhighlighted andsuesihc unit numbersmwhichrhcyappearThci n d c ~ tellsalsoyou how rhe words and expiesslonrarepronounced.The left-hand pageThercxrronrhc l e k ~ h a n dpage vary in lcngth. Eachtexthasaclear headmg.Sorncrexcrarefrom spokenconrcxrs;orheis from wnnen. Somearefromiorlnalcontexts,forexampleanexrracrfnxm lrg>ilarion,orconrrairrcirns,oraformalpresentanon;m h d s arefrommorcirdurmal interactions,for~ ~ a ~ilxussionr between legalcullcagoon p l ~rallang ahouraspectsofrheir w n r k Someunlrrdraw y m r ancnnonrocharacteristic featuresoflcgrllanguage in Englirhortod~fferenceibetwren lcgal English usageinthe linrtedStares andEnglmd. All the"rutshighlight typical word cambinarrons.The right-handpageArangeofexercisesonrhcrighr~handpage give pracr~ceinthehighlightedlegalvocabulary andexprcsclonifromrheleh-handpage.Somercmes theenerclreiprovldc,pr<_.:..... \ . I,I...:....,t.r rI .:I%.I.I,.,,l.I,i'I.c.II1,1,..I..,.I.,.,,.~.II .,I8 1 .'8 ,I , . ,<II . . .I . ,>.I. .I .II.1'Over toYOU'activitiesThesencrlvltlcigheyou the chanicrripractise osmng Engllsh Icgal Iangurgcmmrltc0 8talkabouraipecrs o falegs1 lur~sd~crionknownr!ou,sncl about your own work, study,arokrpmalns. Selfktudy l e a r ~ ~ rcando theseas awrirren activityorsetu pacomputerblogtorsshpru ldcar air11 others %,anringtnderclop rheu legal English ~ ~ c a h through pncficc.~ l ~ ~ yIn rheclassroom, thcOvertoyou acriviricacanheureda irhe basisfordiscussion"Isrnallgroups, wirhaipokerpersc>n for each group rumrnar~rlng d ~ s c u s s i o ~ ~ itsourcornifortheandrheclass.Alrernatively, pairscanexchangeuleivs,ideas,ariiiforn~arionand rhen cornhxncwid, anotherpairrorcporronrhcir dircuriion. T l ~ crcachrrcanmonlrorthrd i i ~ u s s i o l aforappropriateandnccurareuseof iocabtllaryLcarncrrcanfollow up by using cheOvcrtoyouasawiincn acnriw,Forexampleforhomework.l.e;~rnerrmightd omorerrrr.~rchmnilanguageuseby exploring the suggestedwcbU.Howt o use the hook for self-studvFindaroplc youarelookingh,rh ireferilngtothecnnrenrrpagcorrhcindex. Quicklywrite in!noreform in English what you alreadyknowahirurrhc topic and anyqueirlonsyou have. Then read t h o u g h therentsonthe lcfr-hand pagc u i rlie unit. If youare unsureofthemeaning ofterms,tryroguess the rnrnn~ngiron, theconrexrasyouread.Dntheexercisesonthe riglir-hand page. Check youransu,rrsin the keyI fyouihnve madeanrmirtrkcr lookarrhcrcxtagain and checktheexcrcisr.\Vrlredownurrfulwordsinanorehook;noriceh o ~the)arcured in otherrexm.Ifyouarcrrdlunsurcofany rrordi, look,rhrmupinalaivdicrlonary. Thcrrarcalso legal glossariesodlne.Howt ouse thebookin the classroomTeacherscanchoosethe units that rclarctoleamcrs' partiiular ncrdsandrnrercrrr,orrhemei wh,ch thecaurscirtncus1ngon.Lesmcrscan,m,rko nrhe"nlrrin pairsorindividually, the teacher going m u n d the class lhircning and advising. Teachers shouldcncuurrgc lcrrnerrtodiscuss whyiwncu n ~ w c rporrlble a n d othci,arcn o t .isWehope youfindthcbog&usefulanticab"u>use.\Vewould welcome :our commcnr, andsuggestionsonusingif.PmfeinanaiEngiih8"UreLaw [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]