Catastrophic Events Caused by Cosmic Objects, Geologia, Geology and Astronomy
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CATASTROPHIC EVENTS CAUSED BY COSMIC OBJECTS
Catastrophic Events Caused
by Cosmic Objects
Edited by
VITALY ADUSHKIN
Institute for Dynamics of Geospheres,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
and
IVAN NEMCHINOV
Institute for Dynamics of Geospheres,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-1-4020-6451-7 (HB)
ISBN 978-1-4020-6452-4 (e-book)
Published by Springer,
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
www.springer.com
Book cover: Our planet experienced many impacts during its evolution. The impact of a large asteroid
is shown. If such an asteroid would hit the Earth nowadays, mankind would perish.
This is an extended and updated version and translation of the original work in Russian “Catastrophich-
eskie vozdeystviya cosmicheskih tel”, published by the Commercial Publishing Centre “Academkniga”,
2005.
The English edition contains a revised Chapter 1 and new results have been added to Chapter 10.
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 2008 Springer
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording
or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception
of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered
and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface
vii
Acknowledgments
ix
List of Contributors
xi
1. Main Factors of Hazards Due to Comets and Asteroids
1
Ivan Nemchinov, Valery Shuvalov and Vladimir Svetsov
2. Size-Frequency Distribution of Asteroids and Impact Craters:
Estimates of Impact Rate
91
Boris Ivanov
3. Cometary Hazards
117
Marina Kuzmitcheva and Boris Ivanov
4. Bolides in the Earth Atmosphere
131
Olga Popova and Ivan Nemchinov
5. Geologic Effects of Large Terrestrial Impact Crater Formation
163
Boris Ivanov
6. Thermal Radiation and Fires after Impacts of Cosmic Objects
207
Vladimir Svetsov
7. Tunguska Catastrophe of 30 June 1908
227
Vladimir Svetsov and Valery Shuvalov
8. High-Velocity Impact Ejecta: Tektites and Martian Meteorites
267
Natalia Artemieva
9. Marine Target Impacts
291
Valery Shuvalov, Irina Trubetskaya and Natalia Artemieva
v
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