Cao - Translating Law

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Translating Law
University of Warwick, UK
Edwin Gentzler,
University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
Editor for Translation in the Commercial Environment:
Geoffrey
Samuelsson-Brown, University of Surrey, UK
Other Books in the Series
Written in the Language of the Scottish Nation
John Corbett
‘Behind Inverted Commas’ Translation and Anglo-German Cultural Relations in the
Nineteenth Century
Susanne Stark
The Rewriting of Njáls Saga: Translation, Ideology, and Icelandic Sagas
Jón Karl Helgason
Time Sharing on Stage: Drama Translation in Theatre and Society
Sirkku Aaltonen
Translation and Nation: A Cultural Politics of Englishness
Roger Ellis and Liz Oakley-Brown (eds)
The Interpreter’s Resource
Mary Phelan
Annotated Texts for Translation: English–German
Christina Schäffner with Uwe Wiesemann
Contemporary Translation Theories (2nd edn)
Edwin Gentzler
Literary Translation: A Practical Guide
Clifford E. Landers
Translation-mediated Communication in a Digital World
Minako O’Hagan and David Ashworth
Frae Ither Tongues: Essays on Modern Translations into Scots
Bill Findlay (ed.)
Practical Guide for Translators (4th edn)
Geoffrey Samuelsson-Brown
Cultural Encounters in Translation from Arabic
Said Faiq (ed.)
Translation, Linguistics, Culture: A French-English Handbook
Nigel Armstrong
Translation and Religion: Holy Untranslatable?
Lynne Long (ed.)
Theatrical Translation and Film Adaptation: A Practitioner’s View
Phyllis Zatlin
Translating Milan Kundera
Michelle Woods
The Translation of Children' s Literature: A Reader
Gillian Lathey (ed.)
Managing Translation Services
Geoffrey Samuelsson-Brown
For more details of these or any other of our publications, please contact:
Multilingual Matters, Frankfurt Lodge, Clevedon Hall,
Victoria Road, Clevedon, BS21 7HH, England
TOPICS IN TRANSLATION
Series Editors:
Susan Bassnett,
TOPICS IN TRANSLATION 33
Series Editors: Susan Bassnett,
University of Warwick
and
Edwin Gentzler,
University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Translating Law
Deborah Cao
MULTILINGUAL MATTERS LTD
Clevedon • Buffalo • Toronto
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Cao, Deborah
Translating Law/Deborah Cao.
Topics in Translation: 33
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Law–Translating. 2. Law–Language. 3. Law–Interpretation and construction.
I. Title.
K213.C365 2007
340–dc22
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue entry for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN-13: 978-1-85359-954-5 (hbk)
Multilingual Matters Ltd
UK
: Frankfurt Lodge, Clevedon Hall, Victoria Road, Clevedon BS21 7HH.
USA
: UTP, 2250 Military Road, Tonawanda, NY 14150, USA.
Canada
: UTP, 5201 Dufferin Street, North York, Ontario M3H 5T8, Canada.
Copyright © 2007 Deborah Cao.
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any
means without permission in writing from the publisher.
The policy of Multilingual Matters/Channel View Publications is to use papers that
are natural, renewable and recyclable products, made from wood grown in
sustainable forests. In the manufacturing process of our books, and to further support
our policy, preference is given to printers that have FSC and PEFC Chain of Custody
certification. The FSC and/or PEFC logos will appear on those books where full
certification has been granted to the printer concerned.
Typeset by Florence Production Ltd.
Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Ltd.
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Contents
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
The Hon. Justice Michael Kirby AC CMG
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Law, Language and Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Legal Translation Typology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
The Nature of Legal Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Characterising Legal Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Sources of Difficulty in Legal Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Legal Translational Equivalence: Possibility and
Impossibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3 The Legal Translator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Translation Competence and Translation Proficiency . . . . . . . . . . . 39
A Model of Translation Competence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Exploring Translation Competence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4 Legal Terminological Issues in Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Major Terminological Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Translating Legal Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Legal System-bound Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Ordinary Meaning vs. Legal Meaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Legal Synonyms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Linguistic and Legal Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
v
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