Canadian Scout Manual

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A-CR-CCP-121/PT-001
PO 403 BUSHCRAFT
EO DESCRIPTION
PAGE
01
Select personal clothing and equipment.
3-2
02
Pack and carry individual clothing and
equipment.
3-9
03
Apply the principles of safe toolcraft.
3-15
04
Assemble a survival kit.
3-17
05
Light a stove and lantern.
3-18
06
Discuss the principles of outdoor cooking
with water procured in the field.
3-23
07
Construct a shelter.
3-25
08
Follow camp routine and discipline in the
field.
3-27
09
Discuss natural hazards.
3-29
10
Demonstrate a concern for the environment. 3-37
11
Tie a knot (thumb, figure 8, and reef knots;
clove and half hitches).
3-40
12
Light a fire.
3-45
13
Apply field signals and formations.
3-48
14
Employ methods of environmentally safe
waste disposal in the field.
3-49
15
Maintain section equipment.
3-51
16
Tie a knot (bowline, Fisherman’s, and square
lashing).
3-55
17
Identify bivouac site and all its various
components.
3-57
18
Observe hiking techniques.
3-60
19
Prepare for an expedition.
3-64
20
Discuss dangerous animals.
3-67
21
Employ voice procedures
3-69
22
Discuss survival psychology and strategy.
3-72
23
Predict a change in weather.
3-80
24
Judge a distance.
3-87
25
Construct an improvised shelter.
3-90
INTRODUCTION
The skills and knowledge of Bushcraft are some of the key elements in
the Army Cadet training program. Many of the greatest challenges and
rewards in this program will occur in adventurous outdoor training. Once
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you are confident in outdoor safety, survival and trekking skills, you will
be prepared to fully explore and discover our vast and remote Canadian
wilderness.
WILDERNESS JOURNAL
Start now to keep a written record of your adventures and experiences.
Keep copies of routes that you travel, write down stories or anecdotes,
and draw pictures of the animals, plants and scenery you encounter.
Record your favourite, and least favourite, places, people and events
and the lessons that you learn from the experience. At the end of your
cadet career this journal will tell a wonderful story.
EO 403.01: SELECT PERSONAL CLOTHING AND
EQUIPMENT
WEATHER AND SEASONAL CONSIDERATIONS
When you select your personal clothing and equipment for an outdoor
activity, the elements of weather and season will have a significant
impact on your choices. Air temperature, wind, precipitation, altitude,
humidity and the UV index are elements of weather that will need
consideration. Your local media, or Environment Canada, will offer
weather forecasts that are moderately accurate for your area for short
periods of time (2-3 days). You can also research weather averages,
highs and lows for the area you plan to travel to for your activity.
Remember that weather is not constant or 100% predictable.
When you are in the outdoors keep your eyes open for changes in your
environment that could lead to weather changes, and be ready to adapt
your clothing and equipment choices. Changes in air temperature, air
pressure, wind direction or cloud cover often signal upcoming weather
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changes. More people die from being improperly prepared for weather
changes than any other cause in the outdoors.
CLOTHING
Clothing that you wear for outdoor activity must protect you from sun,
wind, rain and snow, variations of temperature and insects.
The comp onents of outdoor clothing can be identified as:
a.
hat
– your hat should be wide brimmed for sun and rain
protection, with holes for ventilation;
b.
shell
(jacket) – your shell is your primary protection from wind
and rain or snow and keeps your insulation layer dry. It should
be long enough to reach your thighs. It should have a hood as
well as wrist, neck and waist closures that you can loosen or
tighten to allow ventilation. You need to remember that
moisture can also come from inside your clothes as you
perspire in warm weather or while you are participating in
strenuous activities. You can control the build up of moisture in
your clothes by wearing a shell that is made from a waterproof
breathable fabric and has extra ventilation openings under the
armpits. The extra vents and the ability of the material to allow
moist air out without allowing rain in helps keep you dry. Also
look for a shell that has a zippered opening in the front and has
no permanent insulation layer attached to it. You may also
choose a pair of wind or rain pants to compliment the
protection of your shell;
c.
insulation
– you will want to have appropriate insulation for
the coldest weather expected during your activity outside. The
best method of insulating yourself is to have several thin layers
of insulative clothing as opposed to one thick layer. The thin
layers will allow you to adjust the amount of insulation you
have on at one time, and add or subtract as the temperature or
your physical activity changes. The air space created between
the layers is excellent insulation! Wool, and the more
lightweight synthetic fleece materials, make good insulators
because they maintain their insulative capacity even when wet.
Be sure the insulation layers you choose fit under your shell,
and that they insulate your neck, shoulders, torso and lower
back. Insulation for your legs should be chosen with the type of
activities and the lowest expected temperature in mind;
d.
shirt
– in warm weather you will need a long sleeve shirt to
protect you from the sun and insects. The sleeves should have
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an elastic or adjustable cuff that can be rolled up if required. It
should have a collar that can protect the back of your neck and
it should be made of a material that does not retain moisture;
e.
undershirt and underwear
– your undershirt can be one of
your best methods of moving moisture away from your skin to
assist cooling as well as keep you dry. Choose a shirt made
with a “wicking” material – a material that draws moisture
away from your skin and disperses it into your outer layers for
evaporation. Your underwear should be comfortable and
protect you from chaffing. It should be made of material that
does not retain moisture. Your choice in comfortable and
practical undergarments is almost as important as your choice
of a shell;
f.
pants
– choose pants with full length legs that have closures at
the cuffs and an adjustable waist. Large pockets that close
securely and self-drain are added bonuses. Ensure that the waist
will not roll or fold over when you carry a pack. The material
should be durable and provide protection from sun and insects;
g.
socks
– wear socks that provide the appropriate amount of
insulation required for your activity. Remember that your feet
sweat as much as the rest of your body so choose socks of a
material that will wick away the moisture as well as remain
warm if they get wet. Comfort and practicality can be achieved
by wearing a thin liner sock under your heavier protective sock.
The two-sock system reduces friction on your skin and allows
better ventilation. Avoid materials that retain moisture and
choose socks that fit inside your footwear; and
h.
footwear
– the activities you participate in will have a direct
impact on your choice of appropriate footwear. The
construction, style and material of your footwear will vary with
terrain, temperature, weight carried, and speed of travel. For
weekend hiking with a light to moderate pack weight along
established trails you will need a light hiking boot, or shoe,
made out of material that will dry quickly, with a firm but
comfortable sole. Longer backcountry expeditions might
require a solid hiking boot with extra arch, ankle and heel
support. Trail running, orienteering and day hikes require
running shoes, approach shoes or light hikers. Regardless of
what footwear is appropriate for the activity you must allow
time for break in. Breaking in footwear prior to a hike will go a
long way to preventing blisters. Make sure that your boots and
socks fit properly, there should be just enough room for your
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toes to move a little forward (this allows room for your toes
when you walk downhill).
In general, your clothing should be comfortable and loose fitting. Try
all your individual items on before going out to ensure fit and that
there is no damage or missing parts. Check your range of motion with
all your layers on and be sure that you can reach and stretch without
being bound by your clothes. You can complement your cold weather
clothing with mitts and a toque made from a good insulator that sheds
moisture. Keep all your clothes as clean as possible, repair and wash
when required.
Moisture management is a technique of controlling moisture build-up
in your clothes. Along with choosing appropriate outdoor clothing you
can manage moisture by:
a. ventilating your clothing by opening cuffs, “pit zips” and the
front zipper;
b. wearing clean layers that are loose that don’t retain moisture;
c. removing your hat when participating in strenuous activities –
except when in direct sunlight;
d. choosing insulation that is appropriate to the temperature and
activity, and adding or subtracting layers for changes as they
occur; and
e. keeping your socks clean and dry. Always carry extra socks,
and change your socks regularly.
Remember “
COLD
” if you don’t want to be cold:
C –
c
lean clothes breathe and insulate better;
O – avoid
o
verheating by ventilating;
L – dress in
l
oose
l
ayers; and
D – stay
d
ry.
PERSONAL EQUIPMENT
Your personal equipment is divided into two categories: objects that
you carry in your pockets, and objects that find a place in your load
carrying device.
Items you would ordinarily carry in your pockets are:
a. whistle (plastic);
b. folding pocket knife with a large (10cm) and small blade;
c. personal identification and medical insurance card;
d. map and compass;
3-5
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