Cambridge - English Grammar In Use - ...

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reference
and
practice
book
for
advanced
learners
of
English
Martin
Hewings
PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
The Pitt Building,Trumpmgton Street, Cambridge CB2 1RP, United Kingdom
CAMBRIDGE, UNIVRRSITY PRESS
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK
40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA
10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh,VIC 3166, Australia
Ruiz de Alarcon 13, 28014 Madrid, Spam
Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa
© Cambridge University Press 1999
First published 1999
Seventh printing 2002
Printed in Great Britain by Denirose Security Printing
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 0-521-49868-6 (with answers)
ISBN 0-521-49869-4 (without answers)
Copyright
The law allows a reader to make a single copy of part of a book
for the purposes of private study. It does not allow the copying of entire
books or the making of multiple copies of extracts. Written permission for
any such copying must always be obtained from the publisher in advance.
CONTENTS
Thanks vii
To the student viii
To the teacher ix
Tenses
1 Present simple (I
do)
and present continuous
(I am doing)
(1)
2 Present simple (I
do)
and present continuous
(I am doing)
(2)
3 Present perfect
(I have done)
and past simple (I
did)
(1)
4 Present perfect
(I have done)
and past simple (I
did)
(2)
5 Present perfect
(I have done)
and past simple (I
did)
(3): adverbs used with these tenses
6 Past continuous
(I was doing)
and past simple (I
did)
7 Present perfect continuous
(I have been doing)
8 Present perfect continuous
(I have been doing)
and present perfect
(I have done)
9 Past perfect
(I had done)
and past simple (I
did)
10 Past perfect continuous
(I had been doing)
and past perfect
(I had done)
The future
11 Will
and
going to; shall
12 Present continuous
(I am doing)
for the future and
going to
13 Present simple (I
do)
for the future
14 Future continuous
(will be doing)
15
Be to
+ infinitive (I
am to
do), future perfect
(I will have done),
and future perfect continuous
(I will have been doing)
16 The future seen from the past
(was going to,
etc.)
Modals
17 Should
and
ought to
18 Will
and
would:
willingness, likelihood and certainty
19
Will
and
would:
habits;
used to
20 May, might, can
and
could:
possibility (1)
21
May, might, can
and
could:
possibility (2)
22
Can, could,
and
be able to:
ability
23
Must
and
have (got) to
24 Need(n't), don't have to
and
mustn't
25 Permission, offers, etc.
Be, have, do, make, etc.
26 Linking verbs:
be, appear, seem; become, get,
etc.
27 Have
and
have got; have
and
take
28 Do
and
make
Passives
29 Forming passive sentences
30 Using passives
31 Verb +
-ing
or
to-infinitive:
passive forms
32 Reporting with passive verbs
Questions
33 Forming questions; reporting questions
34 Asking and answering negative questions
35 Wh-questions with
how, what, which
and
who
Verbs: infinitives, -ing forms, etc.
36 Verbs with and without objects
37 Verb
+ to-infinitive
or
bare infinitive
38 Verb +
to-infinitive
or
-ing?
39 Verb +
-ing
40 Verb
+ wh-clause
41 Have/get something done; want something done,
etc.
42 Verb + two objects
Reporting
43 Reporting people's words and thoughts
44 Reporting statements
(1): that-clauses
45 Reporting statements (2):
verb tense in that-clauses
46 Reporting statements (3):
verb tense in the reporting clause; say
and
tell;
etc.
47 Reporting offers, suggestions, orders, intentions, etc.
48
Should
in
that-clauses
49 Modal verbs in reporting
Nouns and compounds
50 Countable and uncountable nouns
51 Agreement between subject and verb (1)
52 Agreement between subject and verb (2)
53 The possessive form of nouns (Jane's mother)
54 Compound nouns (1)
55 Compound nouns (2)
Articles
56
A/an
and
one
57
The
and
a/an
(1):'the only one'
58
The
and
a/an
(2): 'things already known', etc.
59
Some
and
zero article
with plural and uncountable nouns
60
The, zero article
and
a/an:
'things in general'
61 People and places
62 Holidays, times of the day, meals, etc.
Determiners and quantifiers
63
Some
and
any; something, somebody,
etc.
64 Much (of), many (of), a lot of, lots (of),
etc.
65 All (of), the whole (of), both (of)
66
Each (of), every,
and
all
67 No, none (of),
and
not any
68 Few, a few (of), little, a little (of),
etc.
69 Quantifiers with and without 'of
(some/some of; any/any of;
etc.)
Relative clauses and other types of clause
70 Relative clauses (1) (The girl who I was talking about.)
71 Relative clauses (2) (Tom, who is only six, can speak three languages.)
72 Relative clauses (3): other relative pronouns
73 Relative clauses (4): prepositions in relative clauses
74 Participle clauses
(-ing, -ed
and
being + -ed)
75 Participle clauses with adverbial meaning
IV
Pronouns, substitution and leaving out words
76 Reflexive pronouns:
herself, himself, themselves,
etc.
77
One
and
ones
(There's my car - the green one.)
78 So (I think so; so I hear)
79
Do so; such
80 Leaving out words after auxiliary verbs
81 Leaving out
to-infinitives
(She didn't want to (go).)
Adjectives
82 Adjectives: position (1)
83 Gradable and ungradable adjectives; position (2)
84 Adjectives and adverbs
85 Participle adjectives (the
losing
ticket; the
selected
winners)
86 Prepositions after adjectives:
afraid of/for,
etc.
87 Adjectives +
that-clause
or
to-infinitive
88 Comparison with adjectives
(1): -er/more...; enough, sufficiently, too;
etc.
89 Comparison with adjectives (2):
as.
..as;
so.
..as
to;
etc.
Adverbs and conjunctions
90 Position of adverbs
91 Adverbs of place, indefinite frequency, and time
92 Degree adverbs:
very, too, extremely, quite,
etc.
93 Comment adverbs; viewpoint adverbs; focus adverbs
94 Adverbial clauses of time (1):
verb tense; before
and
until; hardly,
etc.
95 Adverbial clauses of time (2):
as, when
and
while
96 Giving reasons:
as, because, because of, etc.; for
and
with
97 Purposes and results:
in order to, so as to,
etc.
98 Contrasts:
although
and
though; even though/if; in spite of
and
despite
99 Conditional sentences (1): verb tenses
100 Conditional sentences (2)
101
If...not
and
unless; if
and
whether,
etc.
102
After waiting..., before leaving..., besides owning...,
etc.
103 Connecting ideas between and within sentences
Prepositions
104
At, in
and
on:
prepositions of place
105
Across, along, over
and
through; above, over, below
and
under
106
Between, among; by, beside,
etc.
107
At, in
and
on:
prepositions of time
108
During, for, in, over,
and
throughout; by
and
until
109
Except (for), besides, apart from
and
but for
110
About
and
on; by
and
with
111 Prepositions after verbs (1)
112 Prepositions after verbs (2)
113 Prepositions after verbs (3)
114 Two- and three-word verbs: word order
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